Web document (pdf)
In-text citations
Paraphrasing
According to the City of Ballarat (2022) affordable housing plays a key role in positive health outcome .
Affordable housing plays a key role in positive health outcomes … (City of Ballarat, 2022).
Direct quote
Place direct quotes between double quotation marks " " and provide the page number(s) of the direct quote from the PDF document.
"The City of Ballarat recognises that housing directly impacts health and wellbeing, and plays a critical role in health, education, employment, and safety outcomes" (City of Ballarat, 2022, p. 1).
Notes on style
- If the name i.e., corporate author of an organization or government body is long and is well-known by an abbreviation, give its full name and then the abbreviation in square brackets in the first in-text citation e.g. (Department of Education and Training [DET], 2020)
- In all subsequent in-text citations, give abbreviations only. e.g. (VCAA, 2024). Only do this if you use the abbreviated name in your sentences.
Reference list
Template
Author. (Year). Title. Site name. DOI or URL
Examples
City of Ballarat. (2022). Affordable housing position statement. https://www.ballarat.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-08/Affordable%20Housing%20Position%20Statement%20Final%202022.pdf
Notes on style
- If citing information taken directly from a web page document, include the authors (which may be different from the site hosting it). If no authors are stated then use the company or organisation name.
- If no year is stated then use n.d. for no date.
- When the site name is the same as the author, omit the site name to avoid repetition.
- Give the name of the corporate author in full (not as an abbreviation or acronym) in the reference list. Include only the specific agency responsible for the publication - do not include the name of parent organisations (e.g. State Government of Victoria) unless you need to avoid ambiguity
- Include document description (e.g. Grant, Policy brief, Press release) in square brackets after the title to provide additional context, where needed.
- Interview transcripts that are available online including archived.
- Use the speaker's or interviewee’s name for the author and the exact date of the speech.
- Give the exact date of the speech or interview.
- If there is no title, write a description in square brackets.
Online curriculum resources
- Examples can be found in the Education: Early Childhood, Primary and Secondary subject guide.