Web document (pdf)

In-text citations

Paraphrasing

According to the City of Ballarat (2022) affordable housing plays a key role in positive health outcome .

Affordable housing plays a key role in positive health outcomes … (City of Ballarat, 2022).

Direct quote

Place direct quotes between double quotation marks " " and provide the page number(s) of the direct quote from the PDF document.

"The City of Ballarat recognises that housing directly impacts health and wellbeing, and plays a critical role in health, education, employment, and safety outcomes" (City of Ballarat, 2022, p. 1).

Notes on style

  • If the name i.e., corporate author of an organization or government body is long and is well-known by an abbreviation, give its full name and then the abbreviation in square brackets in the first in-text citation e.g. (Department of Education and Training [DET], 2020)
  • In all subsequent in-text citations, give abbreviations only. e.g.  (VCAA, 2024). Only do this if you use the abbreviated name in your sentences.

Reference list

Template

Author. (Year). Title [Format]. Site name. DOI or URL

Examples

City of Ballarat. (2022). Affordable housing position statement. https://www.ballarat.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-08/Affordable%20Housing%20Position%20Statement%20Final%202022.pdf

Notes on style

  • If citing information taken directly from a web page document, include the authors (which may be different from the site hosting it). If no authors are stated then use the company or organisation name.
  • If no year is stated then use n.d. for no date.
  • When the site name is the same as the author, omit the site name to avoid repetition.
  • Give the name of the corporate author in full (not as an abbreviation or acronym) in the reference list. Include only the specific agency responsible for the publication - do not include the name of parent organisations (e.g. State Government of Victoria) unless you need to avoid ambiguity
  • Interview transcripts that are available online including archived.
    • Use the speaker's or interviewee’s name for the author and the exact date of the speech.
    • Give the exact date of the speech or interview.
    • If there is no title, write a description in square brackets. Give the form in square brackets where needed

Online curriculum resources