Speech or performance (recorded)

In-text citations

Use the speaker’s name for the author and the exact date of the speech.

Paraphrasing

Martin Luther King's often quoted catch phrase … (King,1963).

Direct quote

Follow the same rules as for paraphrasing, but additionally place direct quotes between double quotation marks " " and provide a timestamp to indicate the exact starting point of the quote.

"Ich bin ein Berliner” (I am a Berliner) is a speech made by John F. Kennedy in 1963 where he declared … (Kennedy, 1963, 2:41).

Reference list

Speech

Template

Speaker. (Year, Month Day). Title of speech [Speech audio recording]. Publisher. URL

Example

King, M. L., Jr. (1963, August 28). I have a dream [Speech audio recording]. American Rhetoric. https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm

Interview

Template

Interviewee. (Year, Month Day). Title of speech [Speech audio recording]. Publisher. URL

Example

Gleeson, J. (1979, November 29). Lenton Parr interview: James Gleeson oral history collection [Interview audio recording]. NGA. https://nga.gov.au/on-demand/lenton-parr-interview/

Notes on style

  • Use the speaker's or interviewee’s name for the author and the exact date of the recording.
  • Give the exact date of the speech or interview.
  • If there is no title, write a description in square brackets. Give the form in square brackets where needed.